I understand how to derive the black scholes solution if dSt = μStdt + σStdWt and r is constant. The solution is c(t, x) = xN(d+(T−t),x)) - Ke−r(T−t)N(d_(T−t),x)) where d+(τ,x) = 1σ√τ * [logxK+(r+12σ2)τ], d_(τ,x)=d+(τ,x)−σ√τ
However, I need to find the solution when, dSt=μtStdt+σtStdWt and rt are deterministic functions of t. I was asked to guess the solution, so it must be a very close analogue to the solution above. I thought about integrating over time, but I haven't been able to verify that this works, and I do need to verify the solution.
Any help in figuring out what the form and how to go about verifying that it is a solution would be appreciated.
Update: Someone asked to see some extra work, here is my guess of what the solution should be: c(t, x) = xN(d+(T−t),x)) - Ke−∫T−t0ruduN(d_(T - t), x)) where d+(τ,x)=1∫τ0σudu * [logxK+∫τ0(r+12σ2)], d_(τ,x)=d+(τ,x)−∫√τ0σudu.
I don't know if this guess is even correct, and if it is I need to verify that it is a solution the Black-Scholes PDE.
Answer
What you need is to identify the distribution of the asset price ST, conditional on the information set Ft at time t, for 0≤t<T. Note that ST=Stexp(∫Tt(rs−σ2s2)ds+∫TtσsdWs). Let P(t,T)=exp(−∫Ttrsds), and ˆσ=√1T−t∫Ttσ2sds. Then ST=F(t,T)e−ˆσ22(T−t)+ˆσ√T−tZ, where F(t,T)=St/P(t,T) is the forward price, and Z is a standard normal random variable independent of Ft. Consequently, the value at time t of the option payoff [ψ(ST−K)]+, where ψ=±1, is given by P(t,T)E([ψ(ST−K)]+∣Ft)=P(t,T)ψ[F(t,T)N(ψd1)−KN(ψd2)], where d1=lnF(t,T)/K+ˆσ22(T−t)ˆσ√T−t, and d2=d1−ˆσ√T−t.
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