I have a list of options where the maximum number that can appear is 9. I am wondering if it will be confusing to switch controls for these options depending on how many appear i.e. use radio buttons for 5 or less, use dropdowns for 5 or more. I am leaning toward using radio buttons across the board for consistency, even though 9 options at most can appear (though this will be in rare cases).
Here are some wireframes of the width of the space I'm working with (537px)
Answer
I'd go with radio buttons based on this following the article "Checkboxes vs. Radio Buttons" by Jakob Nielsen.
The article references the radio buttons vs dropdown menu as the following:
If possible, use radio buttons rather than drop-down menus. Radio buttons have lower cognitive load because they make all options permanently visible so that users can easily compare them. Radio buttons are also easier to operate for users who have difficulty making precise mouse movements. (Limited space might sometimes force you to violate this guideline, but do try to keep choices visible whenever possible.)
As you said 9 radio button options would be an edge case, I think radio buttons will do the best job of reducing cognitive load on the user as all options will be presented straight away. The amount of UI space you have will also be a factor so an example of the screen your designing for would be appreciated!
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