I saw some textbooks use B-S equation to explain why gamma and theta have opposite signs in most of the cases. For example, John Hull's classic book.
The explanation is, first write B-S equation in terms of greeks:
$\frac{\partial V}{\partial t}+rS\frac{\partial V}{\partial S}+\frac{1}{2}\sigma^2S^2\frac{\partial^2 V}{\partial S^2}=rV$
$\Theta+rS\Delta+\frac{1}{2}\sigma^2S^2\Gamma=rV$
$\Theta+\frac{1}{2}\sigma^2S^2\Gamma=r(V-S\Delta)$
Do we need to assume r=0, in order to draw the conclusion that gamma and theta have opposite signs?
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