I've recently learned that at the delivery of Treasury futures the short side can decide which of the n Treasury bonds (with relevant maturities) to deliver. If the short side chooses to deliver the i-th bond, the the long side has to pay ci⋅F for delivery, where ci is the conversion factor for the i-th bond, which is the value everybody knows. If the bond price at delivery is Bi then the short side delivers the cheapest-to-deliver (CDT) ˆi-th bond where ˆi=argmin1≤i≤n(Bi−ci⋅F).
In case I don't miss anything, I think the problem can be simplified as follows. To avoid all the discounting/margin account issues, let's talk about the forward contract the expires on one of the stocks Si where 1≤i≤n. To each of these stocks we assign some constant adjustment weighting ci, and at the maturity of the contract the short side has to choose i and deliver the cash difference Si−ci⋅F, where F is the forward price we agree upon now, and Si is the stock price at the delivery. I assume that neither of stocks pays dividends, and interest rates are 0. Of course, since it's a cash delivery, the short side will deliver Sˆi ˆi=argmin1≤i≤n(Si−ci⋅F).
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